{"id":40809,"date":"2024-06-28T08:20:10","date_gmt":"2024-06-28T13:20:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/politicosaldesnudo.com.mx\/?p=40809"},"modified":"2024-06-28T08:20:10","modified_gmt":"2024-06-28T13:20:10","slug":"sheinbaum-tiene-la-oportunidad-perfecta-para-impulsar-una-reforma-fiscal-progresiva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/politicosaldesnudo.com.mx\/index.php\/2024\/06\/28\/sheinbaum-tiene-la-oportunidad-perfecta-para-impulsar-una-reforma-fiscal-progresiva\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cSheinbaum tiene la oportunidad perfecta para impulsar una reforma fiscal progresiva\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

Puede llegar a un consenso m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido salvo que se busque aumentar el IVA en vez de modificar los renglones del ISR o bien, implementar un impuesto a la riqueza.<\/span><\/p>\n

Claudia Sheinbaum, quien se convertir\u00e1 en la primera mujer Presidenta de M\u00e9xico en octubre pr\u00f3ximo, tiene la oportunidad perfecta para impulsar una reforma fiscal progresiva que no s\u00f3lo ayude a aumentar los ingresos p\u00fablicos, sino tambi\u00e9n a disminuir las desigualdades en el pa\u00eds, indic\u00f3 Jos\u00e9 Antonio Ocampo, ex ministro de Hacienda de Colombia.<\/span><\/p>\n

De visita en el pa\u00eds, el exfuncionario colombiano explic\u00f3 que las reformas fiscales siempre son complejas pero, una reforma fiscal progresiva no es un tema que afecte de manera negativa al pueblo general.<\/span><\/p>\n

Es un tema que hay que negociar con los sectores de altos ingresos y con las empresas, que es el foco de esa reforma\u201d, dijo a El Economista al reflexionar sobre c\u00f3mo la reforma fiscal colombiana impuls\u00f3 modificaciones para hacer el sistema fiscal m\u00e1s redistributivo.<\/span><\/p>\n

En el caso mexicano, Jos\u00e9 Antonio Ocampo ve una gran oportunidad dado que Claudia Sheinbaum llegar\u00e1 al poder con el \u201ccarro completo\u201d en el Congreso, lo cual le ayudar\u00e1 a aprobar diversas modificaciones en donde una reforma fiscal podr\u00eda surgir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLo que m\u00e1s importa es el apoyo pol\u00edtico. Aqu\u00ed la Presidenta electa tiene todo el apoyo pol\u00edtico (…) nunca una reforma fiscal es agradable para todos, esa es una caracter\u00edstica, pero si uno tiene el apoyo pol\u00edtico se puede sacar adelante\u201d, coment\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Expres\u00f3 que una reforma fiscal progresiva puede llegar a un consenso m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido salvo que, por ejemplo, se busque aumentar el IVA \u2013que afectar\u00eda fuertemente a las personas de menores ingresos\u2013 en vez de buscar modificaciones a los renglones del ISR o bien, implementar un impuesto a la riqueza.<\/span><\/p>\n

En el caso de las negociaciones con el sector empresarial, el exministro colombiano indic\u00f3 que se debe cuidar que no haya un efecto negativo en las inversiones.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dif\u00edcil recortar presupuesto<\/span>
\n\u201cM\u00e9xico est\u00e1 en un buen momento para hacer la reforma fiscal\u201d, indic\u00f3, sobre todo ante el complicado panorama en donde se espera reducir el d\u00e9ficit de 5.9% del PIB a alrededor de 3% para el siguiente a\u00f1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMi experiencia como ministro de Hacienda de Colombia es que, recortar tres puntos del PIB es una cosa muy compleja. Adem\u00e1s porque aqu\u00ed hay demandas importantes de la poblaci\u00f3n, de infraestructura, y de muchos otros campos. Uno siempre debe de tener una pol\u00edtica de racionalizaci\u00f3n del gasto pero cuando hay que corregir un d\u00e9ficit fiscal como el que tiene ahora M\u00e9xico, hay que adoptar otras medidas, no necesariamente agradables\u201d, expres\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

De acuerdo con los Pre Criterios Generales de Pol\u00edtica Econ\u00f3mica para el 2025, se espera que el d\u00e9ficit regrese a un nivel de 3%, impulsado con un recorte del gasto p\u00fablico, lo cual ha sido criticado ante las presiones existentes del gasto \u2013como pensiones y servicio financiero de la deuda\u2013 as\u00ed como las necesidades crecientes en rubros como educaci\u00f3n, salud, seguridad o bien, para seguir solventando el gasto de programas sociales.<\/span><\/p>\n

La experiencia colombiana<\/span>
\nEn el 2022, Colombia aprob\u00f3 una reforma fiscal que, en palabras de su exministro de Hacienda, ayuda a combatir la enorme desigualdad que tambi\u00e9n se vive en el pa\u00eds latinoamericano, haciendo al sistema fiscal m\u00e1s redistributivo.<\/span><\/p>\n

El exministro, durante el gobierno del presidente Gustavo Petro, record\u00f3 que en Colombia, entre las modificaciones hechas al marco tributario, se a\u00f1adi\u00f3 un impuesto a la riqueza, el cual dijo, s\u00f3lo est\u00e1 enfocado a personas con mayores ingresos, no a la clase media o baja.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEl caso de la reforma fiscal colombiana, fue largamente negociada y con pocos elementos de protesta. El \u00fanico elemento que gener\u00f3 protesta fue el impuesto adicional a la industria de petr\u00f3leo y carb\u00f3n, pero fuera de eso llegamos a un acuerdo\u201d, expres\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Para la aprobaci\u00f3n, las negociaciones (que duraron cuatro meses) se hicieron con los sectores pol\u00edticos y empresariales, sin necesidad de hacer una discusi\u00f3n amplia con la poblaci\u00f3n general dado que no propon\u00eda cambios que les afectara.<\/span><\/p>\n

Entre las modificaciones que entraron en vigor en el 2023 en Colombia est\u00e1n la eliminaci\u00f3n de algunos beneficios fiscales que s\u00f3lo favorec\u00edan a los m\u00e1s ricos; la implementaci\u00f3n de un impuesto a la riqueza as\u00ed como del impuesto m\u00ednimo global \u2013iniciativa de la Organizaci\u00f3n para la Cooperaci\u00f3n y el Desarrollo Econ\u00f3micos\u2013, entre otros.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Puede llegar a un consenso m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido salvo que se busque aumentar el IVA en vez de modificar los renglones 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