{"id":70293,"date":"2025-09-06T23:22:04","date_gmt":"2025-09-07T05:22:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/politicosaldesnudo.com.mx\/?p=70293"},"modified":"2025-09-07T23:23:28","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T05:23:28","slug":"oples-la-ultima-frontera-del-federalismo-electoral","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/politicosaldesnudo.com.mx\/index.php\/2025\/09\/06\/oples-la-ultima-frontera-del-federalismo-electoral\/","title":{"rendered":"OPLES: la \u00faltima frontera del federalismo electoral"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201c\u00bfPara qu\u00e9 queremos tantos institutos locales, si ya hay casillas \u00fanicas, ya la fiscalizaci\u00f3n se hace de manera centralizada?\u201d. La pregunta la lanz\u00f3 Claudia Sheinbaum el pasado 11 de agosto, en el marco de su propuesta de reforma electoral. Una frase aparentemente inocente, pero que encierra la intenci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica m\u00e1s profunda de la 4T: desaparecer los Organismos P\u00fablicos Locales Electorales (OPLES) y centralizar el control de las elecciones en el INE, un instituto que, como todos sabemos, ya no es el contrapeso inc\u00f3modo que sol\u00eda ser.<\/p>\n

El planteamiento merece tomarse en serio, porque lo que est\u00e1 en juego no es un tecnicismo burocr\u00e1tico, sino el equilibrio mismo del sistema federal mexicano.<\/p>\n

No es casualidad que los OPLES se encuentren hoy debilitados. El gobierno federal y varios estados afines a Morena han asfixiado a estos organismos con recortes presupuestales sistem\u00e1ticos, reduci\u00e9ndolos a la inoperancia. Una estrategia muy propia de la 4T: quitarles los recursos para despu\u00e9s presentarlos como ineficientes. Y sobre esas ruinas, justificar su desaparici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

El discurso oficial suena pragm\u00e1tico: simplificar, ahorrar, eliminar redundancias. Pero en el fondo late un objetivo pol\u00edtico inconfundible: el control total del proceso electoral.<\/p>\n

Guadalupe Taddei, presidenta del INE, fue cuestionada sobre la desaparici\u00f3n de los OPLES y respondi\u00f3 con cautela: \u201cel dilema est\u00e1 en descifrar si es correcto\u201d y si \u201ces posible que se sumen a las funciones del instituto\u201d. Agreg\u00f3 que \u201ces temprano\u201d para opinar.<\/p>\n

Pancho L\u00f3pez, el fil\u00f3sofo ateniense xalape\u00f1o nos coment\u00f3 \u201cPero todos sabemos que en la 4T no hay debate ni deliberaci\u00f3n: las reformas presidenciales no se negocian ni se modifican, se aprueban tal cual.\u00a0<\/a>cuando la decisi\u00f3n pol\u00edtica ya est\u00e1 tomada.<\/p>\n

Dos especialistas ofrecen posturas encontradas que ayudan a dimensionar el problema.<\/p>\n

Jos\u00e9 Luis Palacios Blanco se\u00f1ala que los OPLES encarecen las elecciones y generan confusi\u00f3n ciudadana al duplicar funciones. Reconoce que varios gobernadores han preferido tener organismos electorales \u201ccercanos\u201d, una pr\u00e1ctica que abri\u00f3 espacios a la manipulaci\u00f3n local. Pero advierte algo crucial: si las funciones de los OPLES pasan al INE, \u00e9ste quedar\u00e1 bajo control del r\u00e9gimen. Dicho de otro modo: se elimina el riesgo de manipulaci\u00f3n local, para dar paso al control central absoluto.<\/p>\n

Del otro lado, Tonati\u00fah Medina recuerda que los OPLES tienen defectos \u2014corrupci\u00f3n, rezagos institucionales y el golpe constitucional de 2014 que les rest\u00f3 facultades frente al INE\u2014, pero advierte que su desaparici\u00f3n ser\u00eda letal: \u201cLa democracia local no es un lujo; es la ra\u00edz que sostiene la naci\u00f3n. Cortarla es invitar al colapso\u201d.<\/p>\n

La met\u00e1fora es potente: sin \u00f3rganos electorales locales, M\u00e9xico se convertir\u00eda en un pa\u00eds donde las reglas se dictan desde un centro distante, incapaz de percibir la diversidad pol\u00edtica, social y cultural de cada estado.<\/p>\n

La Constituci\u00f3n mexicana reconoce a los estados como entidades libres y soberanas en todo lo que no est\u00e9 reservado a la Federaci\u00f3n. Esa es la base del federalismo. Los OPLES, creados en 2014 como sustitutos de los antiguos institutos estatales electorales, materializan ese principio: garantizan que las elecciones locales se organicen desde lo local, con reglas propias y con contrapesos inmediatos.<\/p>\n

Eliminar a los OPLES no abaratar\u00eda los costos \u2014como asegura Sheinbaum\u2014 porque alguien tendr\u00eda que asumir su trabajo, y ese ser\u00eda el INE. Para organizar elecciones locales en 32 estados, el instituto tendr\u00eda que contratar m\u00e1s personal y ampliar su presupuesto. Es decir, se ahorran organismos, pero no dinero.<\/p>\n

Lo que s\u00ed se pierde es la esencia del federalismo electoral. Y, con ella, la posibilidad de que los ciudadanos de cada entidad tengan un \u00e1rbitro cercano y espec\u00edfico para sus procesos pol\u00edticos.<\/p>\n

La experiencia reciente en Veracruz lo demuestra: en las elecciones de junio pasado, los resultados locales tardaron tres semanas en definirse, generando incertidumbre social. Si el INE absorbe todos los procesos locales, sin infraestructura suficiente y con un gobierno decidido a controlarlo, la incertidumbre no ser\u00e1 la excepci\u00f3n, sino la regla.<\/p>\n

Lo que pretende la 4T es simple: controlar las elecciones desde la Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, borrar identidades locales, reducir a los estados opositores a espectadores. Al m\u00e1s puro estilo del viejo r\u00e9gimen pri\u00edsta, que nunca solt\u00f3 las riendas de los comicios.<\/p>\n

La desaparici\u00f3n de los OPLES no es un debate t\u00e9cnico ni financiero. Es una batalla por el alma del federalismo mexicano.<\/p>\n

Si prospera la iniciativa, los estados perder\u00e1n su autonom\u00eda electoral y, con ella, un pedazo esencial de su soberan\u00eda. Los ciudadanos quedar\u00e1n sujetos a un \u00e1rbitro \u00fanico, con menos cercan\u00eda, menos pluralidad y m\u00e1s control central.<\/p>\n

S\u00ed, los OPLES son perfectibles. S\u00ed, requieren transparencia, profesionalismo y rendici\u00f3n de cuentas. Pero desaparecerlos equivale a tirar el coraz\u00f3n de la democracia local para entregarlo a un centro cada vez m\u00e1s hegem\u00f3nico.<\/p>\n

Los estados opositores deben resistir. Defender a los OPLES no es defender burocracias, es defender el federalismo, la pluralidad y la posibilidad misma de alternancia. Porque una vez que el control electoral quede en manos de un solo poder, el camino a un r\u00e9gimen de partido \u00fanico ser\u00e1 inevitable.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201c\u00bfPara qu\u00e9 queremos tantos institutos locales, si ya hay casillas \u00fanicas, ya la fiscalizaci\u00f3n se hace de manera centralizada?\u201d. La […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":46060,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-columnistas"],"yoast_head":"\nOPLES: la \u00faltima frontera del federalismo electoral - Pol\u00edticos al Desnudo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/politicosaldesnudo.com.mx\/index.php\/2025\/09\/06\/oples-la-ultima-frontera-del-federalismo-electoral\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"OPLES: la \u00faltima frontera del federalismo electoral - Pol\u00edticos al Desnudo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201c\u00bfPara qu\u00e9 queremos tantos institutos locales, si ya hay casillas \u00fanicas, ya la fiscalizaci\u00f3n se hace de manera centralizada?\u201d. 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